Which phenomenon can result from inadequate sampling frequency?

Aliasing occurs when the sampling frequency of a continuous signal is not high enough to accurately capture its variation. According to the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem, to reconstruct a signal without losing information, the sampling frequency must be at least twice the highest frequency present in the signal. When this condition is not met, higher frequency components can be misrepresented as lower frequencies during digitization, leading to distortion in the reconstructed signal. This can make it difficult or impossible to distinguish between the actual signal and the artifacts introduced due to undersampling.

Filtering, noise cancellation, and signal amplification generally do not stem from inadequate sampling. Filtering is typically used to remove unwanted components from a signal, while noise cancellation aims to minimize the effects of noise in signals. Signal amplification increases the strength of a signal but does not address the issues that arise from insufficient sampling.