In a digital instrument, what is the purpose of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC)?

The purpose of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is to convert analog signals into a digital format that can be processed by digital systems, such as computers or microcontrollers. Analog signals, which are continuous in nature (e.g., sound waves, temperature readings), need to be transformed into a discrete digital format because digital systems operate using binary values (0s and 1s). This conversion allows for the digitized data to be easily manipulated, analyzed, stored, or transmitted within digital devices.

In various applications, the correct functioning of an ADC is crucial as it enables the integration of real-world signals with digital technology. For example, in medical instrumentation, ADCs are essential for translating physiological signals (such as EEG or ECG) from their analog representations into digital data that can be analyzed and interpreted by medical professionals or diagnostic software.

Amplification, data display, and storage are different functions unrelated to the primary role of an ADC. While they might occur within a digital instrument, the ADC specifically focuses on the conversion process that allows analog signals to be understood and utilized by digital systems.